OCC CIV NOTES 11/10

Board shit
ARGUMENTS FOR INTOLERANCE
Political-
-dissenters are rebels/traitors
-there needs to be one religion in a state for peace
Ecclesiological
-there is one ideal form of the church to be imitated
-there are variable forms that are legitimate and the magistrate gets to decide
Theological/philosophical
-conversion to the truth saves souls, souls>bodies
-it is not 'pwersecution' to use force to promote truth
-charity requires force/true religion/ those converted will be grateful
church of england vs catholics
-catholics will not tolerate protestants
-catholics are required to obey a foreign ruler (pope)
-catholics hold that faith does not need to be kept with heretics

church of england vs atheists
-atheists do not have adequate motivation to keep promises/oaths, therefore can't be trusted

church of england vs unitarians
-to deny the trinity is blasphemy
?jews, ?muslims
-some argue should be admitted to england and persuaded to convert
-some argue should be executed

arguments for tolerations -LOCKE
-charity requires toleration/christ to be imitated- didn't persecuted
-churches vary/ are volunatry/ no one model/ nothing is more important than eternal salvation
-beliefs/worship don't harm others/ "speculative opinions"
-political society exists to protect rights/property
-force can't convince -works on will not understanding/ counterproductive, creates an aversion to those who use it
-if it could, magistrates would mainly enforce their religion
-trinity is a speculative opinion
-jews should be tolerated as christians are
-? muslims ?catholics
-worship belief are different should be tolerated
-if hold dangerous opinions, obey foreign ruler should not
-atheists should NOT be tolerated, not trustworthy
-the intolerant should not be tolerated

LECTURE. goddamn

he goes over what he covered yesterday again, as well as what's on the board
NOW lets start
France
-very large catholic majority
-huge amounts of religious and civil wars, very very bloody during late 16th century
-after all of these wars, they reluctantly decided to make peace, they were just exhausted
-they didn't change their minds about the other side, they just NEEDED to make peace in order not to keep dying and to establish a stable state
-machiavellian argument
-by late 17th century, france is increasingly building monarchical power, using royal edicts, hugely rich and populous
-substantial standing army
-removed most buffers to massive expansion or royal power
-weakness- protestant worship was tolerated
-louis XIV starts to break down this toleration
-in 1685, he finally uses force, sends dragoons into protestant areas and forces conversion or flee (die)
-~70,000 protestants go into exile
-huge number of them convert, but probably maintain protestant worship in private
-THIS is the context of Locke's treatise on religious toleration
-this is the major reason why the english were so afraid of a catholic monarch

In england, James II fled
-but AFTER he fled, he amassed an army in Ireland, tried to use the army to take back england
-mostly french and irish catholics
netherlands
-huge numbers of protestants flee there, even before the edicts of 1685
-still the most tolerant country in all of europe (jews and muslims even tolerated)
-doesn't officially tolerate catholics, unitarians, or atheists
-large numbers of jews, small numbers of muslims there
-Locke goes into exile there, takes an assumed name, and hides
-netherlands has to fight for their toleration
-why does it limit catholic toleration?
-not because of their religion, but because they support 'dangerous opinions' and hold allegiance to a foreign ruler
-catholics have to obey the pope, are not required to maintain faith with heretics
in france again
-the catholic case against toleration against protestants is almost exactly the same as the anglican case against catholics (minus the pope thing)
protestant dissenters in the netherlands
-you'd think they'd support toleration
-doesn't happen
-they want people to be protestant now. woo
dissenters in england
-mostly again want to establish a state religion
-there are three main groups that argue for toleration
-quakers, baptists, unitarians
-quakers and baptists were pretty much the most reviled people in england
what does locke argue
-in locke's eyes, there are two realms, sacred and secular
-sacred is much more important, but secular cannot affect the sacred realm by force
-church is simply an association of human beings who share a common opinion about faith
-you may leave such an association at any time
-rule by bishops, etc, was NOT right
-politics was a trust, but religion COULDNT be a trust
-magistrate had no concern for the care of souls, because he wasn't so committed by god
-if you believe the wrong things, you're essentially fucked over, but YOU'RE NOT HURTING ANYBODY ELSE, so you can't be persecuted
-if the people weren't persecuted, they wouldn't be seditious
-magistrates CANNOT do things with the sacred realm
-if the magistrate messes up secularly, he can fix it no problem
-if the magistrate messes up in the sacred realm, you're fucked over for eternity
-charity is a duty
-nothing is more important than salvation
-christ tolerated, your goal as a christian is to be like christ!
-locke was basically tolerant of everybody (except muslims, to an extent)
-atheists, however, should NOT be tolerated
-no reason to keep your promises if you don't believe in God
-catholics?
-for their beliefs, for their opinions, for their practices, should be tolerated
-HOWEVER those who are obedient to a foreign ruler, who believe that faith does not need to be kept with heretics, who are intolerant, do NOT need to be tolerated
-basically describing catholics?
-doesn't look like he's looking to name ALL catholics, but only those who practice in the above way
James II vs William and Mary
-James raises a french/irish catholic army
-william has an army of mostly protestant expatriates
-war in ireland is EXTREMELY bloody
-william wins, protestants win
-still celebrated today (orange day parades)
-penal laws established, restricting HEAVILY catholic worship and life