5 periods of the presidency

Patrician
-1788-1828
-Personal reputation and prestige, literal interpretation of prsidential powers

Party
-1828-1900
-Popular electionn, party leadership, and patronage as sources of prsidential authority

Progressive
-1900-1932
-Popular rhetoric, resurgent executive power, and legislative issue advocacy

Modern
-1932-1960
-Legislative agenda, unilateral powers, enlarged staff, and mounting public expectations

Post-modern
-1960-
-Reliance on administrative powers, personalized connection to public, isolation in White House